Network encryption is one of the simplest ways to block network attacks before they start. It scrambles your data in transit, making it useless to anyone trying to spy, steal, or tamper with it.

We’re going to discuss:

• What network encryption is and why it matters
• How network encryption works under the hood
• The real risks of skipping encryption
• The types of network encryption and where each is used
• How encryption fits into different network layers
• What encrypted traffic does and doesn’t protect
• How home setups compare to enterprise Wi-Fi
• How Meter builds encryption into the network by default
• Common questions about encryption, answered
• What it means to have built-in encryption at scale

What is network encryption?

Network encryption turns readable data into code so only trusted systems can read it. Encryption protects data as it moves across networks. This includes emails, video calls, and files syncing to the cloud.

You use encrypted networks all the time. HTTPS keeps your web browsing private using TLS (Transport Layer Security). VPNs use IPSec to protect internet traffic. WPA3 secures Wi-Fi connections.

Tools like these use encryption protocols to keep your data safe while it travels. Without encryption, hackers can read or change what’s being sent.

How does network encryption work?

Network encryption hides your data using math. It scrambles everything so snoops can’t read it.

The magic happens with keys, ciphers, and algorithms. Think of them as secret tools that turn words into code—and back again.

Symmetric encryption

One key locks the message. That same key unlocks it. It’s fast and works well when both sides already trust each other. But there's a catch—they need a safe way to share the key first. If someone grabs the key during setup, game over.

Asymmetric encryption

Now things get clever. One key is public, and anyone can use it to lock data. The other is private, and only the owner can unlock it. It's slower but safer for sharing secrets across the internet. Most systems use it just to trade a shared key, then switch to symmetric for speed.

Keys, ciphers, and algorithms

Longer keys are harder to crack. Smarter ciphers are harder to guess. Algorithms like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adelman) do the heavy lifting behind the scenes. AES is great for speed. RSA handles the handshake.

Even if someone grabs your traffic, all they’ll see is gibberish—unless they have the right key. Good luck to them.

Why encryption matters in network security

Encrypted networks make it hard for attackers to spy, steal, or tamper with data in motion. Without encryption, traffic on a network can be captured and read—no special access needed. 

Encryption blocks that by turning raw data into code that only the right system can read.

It stops common attacks cold. Eavesdropping becomes useless. Man-in-the-middle hacks can’t alter what they can’t decode. Even public Wi-Fi becomes safer when encryption is used on both ends.

There’s also the legal side. If your network deals with healthcare records, payment info, or user identities, encryption isn’t optional—it’s expected. Laws like HIPAA, PCI-DSS, and GDPR require it to prevent exposure and protect people’s rights. Encryption isn’t the full story of compliance, but it’s the baseline.

At Meter, we see strong encryption as a way to reduce risk without adding complexity. It protects businesses from both security threats and regulatory trouble. More importantly, it does that without slowing anything down or forcing IT teams to play catch-up.

What are the risks of unencrypted networks?

Unencrypted networks make it easy for attackers to see or change your data. If someone is on the same network—or can tap into the path—they can read everything sent. That includes passwords, messages, and files.

Hackers can also replay or change network traffic. This can break apps, cause errors, or even corrupt data.

Unprotected traffic gives away details about your devices. Attackers can see what software is running, what ports are open, and which systems might be weak. That helps them plan bigger attacks later.

Inside a company, leaving traffic unencrypted puts all users and systems at risk. Even tools like cloud storage and internal chat can be unsafe if the network isn’t protected.

Types of encryption in network security (and where they’re used)

Different encryption protocols protect different parts of the network. Each one fits a specific job based on how traffic flows and what needs protection.

TLS and SSL

TLS protects data between your browser and a website. It keeps login pages, online payments, forms, and messaging apps private. You’ll see a padlock icon when it’s active.

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) came first, but it’s no longer secure. TLS replaced it years ago and is now the standard. Most websites, APIs, and cloud services use TLS to keep data safe as it moves between servers and users.

TLS works at the transport layer, which means it wraps the data before it hits the network. It protects the content, but not always the destination or headers.

WPA2 and WPA3

WPA2 and WPA3 secure wireless traffic between your device and a Wi-Fi access point. WPA2 is still widely used, but it has known weaknesses—especially with weak passwords.

WPA3 improves protection against password guessing and uses stronger encryption. It also supports forward secrecy, so past traffic stays protected even if a password leaks later.

WPA2 and WPA3 both use AES for encryption, but WPA3 adds more checks to prevent brute-force attacks. WPA3-Enterprise uses 802.1X to manage user identities, which is key for larger networks.

IPSec

IPSec encrypts data at the network layer. It wraps entire IP packets so no one can see where they’re going or what they contain.

It’s most often used in VPNs—both site-to-site and client-based. IPSec supports two modes:

• Transport mode encrypts only the payload.
• Tunnel mode encrypts the full packet, including the header.

IPSec is strong and flexible, but it’s complex to set up and manage without automation or third-party support.

MACsec

MACsec encrypts data at Layer 2, right on the ethernet frame. That makes it perfect for local traffic between switches or endpoints inside the same LAN.

It’s fast, hardware-based, and invisible to apps. But it only works hop-by-hop. Each switch or device must support MACsec to keep traffic protected across the full path.

MACsec is useful in data centers and secure enterprise backbones where raw speed matters and packet headers must stay visible.

SSH and HTTPS

SSH encrypts command-line access to servers. It also secures file transfers using tools like SCP or SFTP. SSH uses asymmetric keys to lock down access and symmetric keys for fast data transfer once connected.

HTTPS is just HTTP wrapped in TLS. Every secure website uses HTTPS today. It protects form inputs, cookies, and session tokens from being stolen on the way to the server.

Choosing the right one

Use TLS for apps and websites. Use WPA3 for Wi-Fi. Use IPSec for VPNs and remote sites. Use MACsec inside the LAN where you control the gear. Use SSH for admin work and automation.

Each one plays a role—and strong networks layer them together.

Network layer encryption protocols explained

Encryption doesn’t always happen in the same place. It can work at different layers of the OSI model. Each layer protects a different part of the data—and comes with its own tradeoffs.

Layer 2 (Data Link) – MACsec

MACsec encrypts traffic at the data link layer. That means it protects ethernet frames as they move across cables and switches. It’s used inside local networks where speed is key and the endpoints are known.

MACsec works hop-by-hop. Each switch decrypts and re-encrypts the frame before passing it on. That makes it fast and efficient, but only useful when every device in the path supports it.

Layer 3 (Network) – IPSec

IPSec works at the network layer. It encrypts full IP packets—either just the payload or the entire packet, including the header.

IPSec is great for traffic that crosses public or untrusted networks. It’s common in VPNs, where it protects the data moving between two networks or between a user and a site.

Since it works at the IP level, IPSec can protect almost any protocol, not just web traffic. But it’s harder to set up and often needs special hardware or software support.

Layer 4 (Transport) – TLS

TLS operates at the transport layer. It encrypts the content of communication between apps—like browser-to-server or email client-to-server.

TLS doesn’t hide the IP address or port. But it locks down the data itself, like login forms, messages, or API calls. It’s the most widely used encryption protocol on the internet today.

Tunnel mode vs. transport mode

Both modes are part of IPSec.

Tunnel mode encrypts the full IP packet, including the header. It’s best for site-to-site VPNs and routing across the internet. Everything is hidden, even the final destination.

Transport mode only encrypts the payload. The original IP header stays visible. It’s faster and better for end-to-end connections where the source and destination don’t need to be hidden.

Why this matters

Where you apply encryption changes how your network behaves. Deeper layers give more privacy but less flexibility. Higher layers are easier to manage but don’t hide as much.

Most secure networks use a mix—TLS at the app level, IPSec for remote access, MACsec inside the building. Each one fills a gap that the others can’t.

What is encrypted network traffic?

Encrypted traffic is data that’s been coded during transmission. Only systems with the right key can read it.

It protects the content of messages, files, and logins as they move across the network. But it doesn’t hide everything.

Most encrypted traffic still shows some metadata—like where it’s going, the port being used, and sometimes the domain name through SNI (Server Name Indication). That info is needed to route the traffic properly.

Here’s a simple breakdown:

Encrypted traffic makes it harder for attackers to snoop or inject malicious data. But it also adds a challenge for some security tools.

Deep packet inspection doesn’t work the same way, so monitoring systems need smarter methods—like traffic pattern analysis or decryption at trusted endpoints.

Encrypted traffic is now the default for most apps and websites. That’s good for privacy and trust, but it means network tools need to adapt. With proper planning, encrypted networks can still be monitored without exposing sensitive data.

Encryption at home vs. in enterprise environments

Home networks use basic encryption. That works for families and small spaces. But in a business, that setup falls apart fast.

A home router might use WPA2 or WPA3 and a shared password. That’s fine for streaming or homework—but it’s risky for teams, guests, or sensitive company data. There’s no user-level control, no real tracking, and no way to segment who can access what.

Enterprise networks need more structure. They use stronger encryption, tighter access control, and monitoring to catch problems early. Enterprise Wi-Fi systems must support more users, devices, and security policies than anything found at home.

Each user gets their own login. Each device can be tracked, limited, or removed if needed.

In an enterprise, Wi-Fi encryption isn’t just about hiding traffic. It’s about control—who’s on the network, what they’re accessing, and how secure those sessions are.

Strong encryption helps, but it’s not the full picture. Enterprises combine it with identity management, smart hardware, and network monitoring to build a system that stays secure even as it grows.

To simplify this, we offer WPA3 with user-based authentication, built-in VLANs, and secure network design as part of every deployment.

How Meter supports network encryption by design

Meter networks are encrypted by default. From wireless to cellular, every layer is built to keep data protected in motion—without adding friction for users or IT.

Wi-Fi with WPA3

All Meter Wi-Fi deployments use WPA3, the latest and most secure wireless encryption standard. It defends against brute-force attacks, blocks passive snooping, and adds forward secrecy—so even if credentials are stolen later, past sessions stay private.

WPA3-Enterprise includes 802.1X support, which means no more shared passwords. Each user has their own login tied to your identity provider.

802.1X authentication with per-user access

Authentication happens at the user level, not the network level. That gives IT teams control over who can join and what they can access. Devices are identified individually, which makes it easy to segment traffic, remove access, or enforce policies.

Encrypted switching and traffic routing

Traffic moves through Meter-managed switches that support encryption from port to port. This protects internal data as it hops across floors or sites. Switches are managed through our cloud dashboard, giving you real-time visibility while maintaining encrypted paths between endpoints.

Such a level of control supports long-term network lifecycle management, from deployment to monitoring and upgrades.

Meter Cellular extends encrypted coverage

Meter Cellular brings encrypted mobile connectivity indoors with greater reception ranges. It works with eSIMs and integrates with your existing identity tools. Employees stay on an encrypted connection across the building—no need to switch to public LTE or unsecured fallback Wi-Fi.

Built-in, not bolted on

Meter’s encryption setup runs automatically, from the first install to every update. IT teams don’t need to configure each layer by hand or juggle separate monitoring tools.

Encryption is part of the network’s DNA—always on, always updated, always compliant. It’s all delivered as a managed network as a service, so teams don’t have to maintain it themselves.

Frequently asked questions

What’s the difference between TLS and SSL?

SSL came first, but it is now outdated. TLS is newer and far more secure.

Is WPA3 better than WPA2 for Wi-Fi encryption?

Yes, WPA3 offers stronger protection. It defends better against password-guessing attacks.

How can I tell if my network traffic is encrypted?

Check for HTTPS in the address bar. Tools like Wireshark can also confirm encryption.

Do small businesses need network encryption?

Even the most basic networks face real threats.

How does Meter help with network encryption?

Meter builds encryption into every layer. That includes Wi-Fi, switching, cellular, and user authentication.

Secure your network with built-in encryption

Meter’s fully-managed solution includes network encryption across Wi-Fi, mobile, and wired connections—no manual setup required. You get end-to-end protection with real-time visibility and centralized control, all without adding work for your IT team.

Key features of Meter Network include:

• Vertically integrated: Meter-built access points, switches, and security appliances work together to create a cohesive, stress-free network management experience.
• Managed Experience: Meter provides user support and done-with-you network management to reduce the burden on in-house networking teams.
• Hassle-free installation: Simply provide a floor plan, and Meter’s team will plan, install, and maintain your network.
• Software: Use Meter’s purpose-built dashboard for deep visibility and granular control of your network, or create custom dashboards with a prompt using Meter Command.
• OpEx pricing: Instead of investing upfront in equipment, Meter charges a simple monthly subscription fee based on your square footage. When it’s time to upgrade your network, Meter provides complimentary new equipment and installation.
• Easy migration and expansion: As you grow, Meter will expand your network with new hardware or entirely relocate your network to a new location free of charge.

To learn more, schedule a demo with Meter.